一、名词和动词的搭配
1.可数名词单数加定冠词the，表示特定的事物。例：The book is on the table。
2.不可数名词单数加some，表示一些，不可数名词复数不加s。例：Would you like some milk?
3.动词be和形容词连用，表示某个人或物品的特征。例：The boy is tall.
二、主语和谓语的一致
4.单数主语用单数谓语动词，复数主语用复数谓语动词。例：The dog runs fast. The dogs run fast.
5.不以s结尾的第三人称单数主语用单数谓语动词，以s结尾的第三人称单数主语用复数谓语动词。例：She sings well. He eats breakfast.
6.复合主语用复数谓语动词。例：Bread and butter are my favorite food.
三、形容词和副词的用法
7.形容词位于名词前，修饰名词。例：The red ball is mine.
8.副词位于动词后，修饰动词。例：They walk slowly.
9.某些形容词同时可作副词，如fast, hard等。例：He runs fast. He works hard.
四、介词和冠词的搭配
10.介词表示时间、地点、方式等等。例如on, at, in, for, with等等。例：I go to school by bus.
11.定冠词前加表示身体或器官的名词时，表示唯一的一个。例：He hurt his leg.
12.不定冠词a/an用于单数的可数名词前，表示任意的一个。例：I want an apple.
五、代词和情态动词的使用
13.主格代词做主语，宾格代词做宾语，形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词做形容词或名词的限定语。例：I like her. This is my book.
14.情态动词放在动词原形前，表示能力、愿望、建议、推测、义务等。例：I can swim well. He should study hard.
15.助动词do, does, did用于一般现在时，一般过去时和一般将来时的肯定句和否定句中，构成疑问句。例：I like apples. He doesn't like apples. Do you like apples?
六、从句和复杂句的结构
16.宾语从句用于某些动词、形容词、名词后作宾语。例：She said that she was hungry.
17.定语从句用于修饰名词或代词。例：The book that I borrowed is interesting.
18.状语从句用于说明时间、原因、条件和方式等等。例：I will go to bed when I finish my homework.
七、被动语态和完成时态
19.被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，表示动作的发出者不是主语，强调动作的承受者。例：The letter was written by me.
20.现在完成时由have/has+过去分词构成，表示动作发生在过去但与现在有联系。例：I have finished my homework.
21.过去完成时由had+过去分词构成，表示一个过去的动作在另一个过去的时间之前就已经完成了。例：I had seen the movie before I went to bed.
八、虚拟语气和间接引语
22.虚拟语气用于表示不可能或假设的情况。例：If I were you, I would tell the truth.
23.情态动词would/could/might用于虚拟语气，表示礼貌、建议和愿望等。例：I would like to have a cup of tea.
24.直接引语和间接引语是两种表达方式，前者直接讲述他人的原话，后者间接讲述他人的话。例：He said, "I am coming." He said that he was coming.
九、其他语法知识
25.连词用于连接并列成分，例如and, or, but等等。例：He is tall and handsome.
26.形容词修饰物品时，顺序为：限制词+观点+大小+形状+颜色+物质。例：Two small round black plastic boxes.
27.副词修饰动词，顺序为：程度副词+方式副词+时间副词+地点副词。例：He always runs fast in the morning.
28.固定短语不能改变顺序。例如：by and by, up and down等等。
29.感叹句由感叹词或what引导，表示强烈的情感或感叹。例：What a beautiful day it is!
30.省略主语或助动词的祈使句。例：(You) Go away. (Do) Be careful.
31.形式主语it和形式宾语it用于使句子更加流畅，主语或宾语是全句的内容。例：It is important to learn English. I find it difficult to speak English.
